Manufacture of bottles, flasks, &amp;c.



No; 791,240." PATENTED MAY 80, 19 05,

0. BOUGHBR, MANUFACTURE or BOTTLES, FLASKS, am;

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 6, 1897.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNE SEES INVENTDR:

PATENTED MAY 30, 1905.

. 4 0.300011%. MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES, YFLASK'S, &0.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 6, 1897.

3 SHBETFr-SHEET 2.

m vE NTU Q.

' PATBNTED MAY 30, 1905 BO/UGHER. I MANUFACTURE or BOTTLES, FLASKS' Gw;

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6. 1897.

I INVENTUR:

Z WITNEE 5E5;

UNITED STATES IPatented May 30, .1905

PATENT OF IC mAuuF cTuFisoF BOYTTLESQFLASKS. ac.

' SPECIFICATION forming'part of Letters Patent N 0. 791,240, datedMay'30, 1905.

' Application filed July 6,1897. SerialNo. 643,619.

To all whom it mag concern.-

Be it known that I, CLAUDE BOUCHER, acitizen of the Republic of France,residing at Cognac, Charente, France,'have invented certain newanduseful Improvements in or Relating to the Manufacture of Bottles,Flasks,

and Similar Articles, of which the following is aspecification.

The machineforming the subject of the present application relates to themanufacture of bottles, flasks, vases with or without handles, and othersimilar articles of. blown glass and enables the employment of specialskilled labor to be dispensed with. The mechanism of this machine is sosimple and easily understood that it does not require the employment ofspecially skilled workmen, and workmen unacquainted with the glassindustry can by means of this apparatus manufacture bottles and similarobjects. Besides, the articles manufactured in this way issue from themolds of this machine completely finished and can be carried directlytot e annealing-oven, where they are left to .cool gradually, whereby agreater solidity and regularity of structure is imparted to them than isthe case with the articles manufactured by means usedhitherto,

as the molecular changes in the material" take Y place underbetterconditions.

This machine is illustrated in detail inthe accompanying drawings asapplied to the manufacture of bottles, wherein- Figure l-is alongitudinal elevation; Fig.2, an under side plan view; Fig. 3, a frontview of'the bar; Fig. 4, a part of the rough mold; Fig. 5, a verticalcross-section on the line 1 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 6, a verticalcross-section on the line 3 4-. of Fig. 2; and Fig. 7 shows the roughmold closed, the bottom of the mold being raised and resting against thebar 3.

The mold is thus shown'in the position it 00- D cupiesat the moment whenthe glass for the manufacture of the bottle or other'object is about tobe poured into it. Fig. 8 is a section of the entrance-mold for formingthe neck,

collar, and part of the neck of the bottlef This figure is drawn to ascale double that of the remaining figures. Fig. 9 is a longitudi- ,nalside elevation showing the shape which the I 59 glass assumes in therough mold when itisdesired to make bottles with recessed bottoms. Fig.10 is a view of the rough-mold and its bottom. Fig. 11 is a View of therough mold surrounded by .a casing, so as .to form an airchamber. Fig.12 is a view of the finishingmold surrounded by a casing enablinganempty space to be obtained which is filled with some bad conductor ofheat in order to maintain this mold at a sufliciently high temperature.Fig. 13 is a view of the mechanism enab ling the entrance-mold, Fig. 9,to be closed and opened. Figs. 14 and 15 show different forms that maybe. given to rods screwed into 2'i'sa bracket for the hollow spindle orbearl ing 8. This bracket is secured to the plate 6 by-means 'of boltsor by any other suitable means.

3is a bar to whichare secured, first, the rough mold; second, the moldin-'which the topof the bottle is formed; third, the bottom part for therough mold andfor the finishing-,

mold;vfourth, the tube through which compressed air is admitted; fifth,the mechanism enabling the bottle to be rotated or rocked during thetime that it is blownin the finishingmold. The bar, which is shown infront View in Figs. 3 and'6 and edgewise in Figs. 1, 7,

and 9, serves for alternately turning the rough the stageof manufacturethe article has reached. The rough mold,'the lip or collar mold, thebottom, and other parts arranged on this bar are secured in slots 00 bybolts, keys, or any other means. These slots may be replaced'by holesaffording passage for bolts or any other suitable device for securingthe parts to the bar. I 7

4 is a hand-wheel secured to the spindle .8 to enable the bar to berotated. This hand? wheel and bar are keyed onto the spindle 8. In orderto enable the rough mold to be fixed mold top and bottom upward,according to given to the rough mold in the two positions which it mustalternately occupyfirst bottom upward for receiving the glass, thenbottom downward for transferring the rough article to thefinishingmoldthere are fixed on this hand-wheel 4 two stops 0 0',adapted to'engage with the fork 43, secured to the bracket 2. This forkcarries at the top a roller p and at the bottom a spring g. It will benow easy to understand that when the hand-wheel 4: is caused to turn thestops 0 0 alternately press against the roller 9, which descends againstthe pressure of the spring according to the osition to be t this rollerbeing immediately afterward aised by the spring q engages with a groovein the bottom of the stop, whereby the hand-wheel and consequently alsotherough mold and all the parts secured to the bar are stopped and heldin place.

5 is the rough mold. This first (rough) mold is narrower than the second(finishing) mold, so as to enable glass which is of a paste-like, almostliquid, consistency when it is poured into the mold to spread insuficient quantity toward the bottom of the mold, so as a givesufiicient thickness to the bottom part of the bottle. This mold,however, must be sufliciently wide at the lower part to enable thebottom 7, serving to close the finishing-mold, to be also used forclosing the rough mold, said bottom being common to both molds. As therough mold. receives glass of very high temperature, and consequentlybecomes very hot rapidly, I make the walls of said mold thick enough toprevent glass from adhering to it, owing to the high temperature that athin mold would reach. The rough mold is closed at the lower end at themoment'when the necessary amount ofglass for manufacture'of a bottle hasbeen admitted intoits interior by the collar-mold 26. Atthe other end itis closed by the bottom 7, which is securely held by means of abayonet-joint, which will be hereinafter fully described.

6 is the finishing-mold. This mold must be interiorly theexact shape ofthe bottle, flask, or other object to be manufactured. The glass hassuflicient plasticity when the lump is introduced into this mold to takethe exact shape under the pressure of compressed air. Nevertheless, ifthe bottom had not partly acquired its finished shape inthe rough moldit would be impossible to obtain this shape in a satisfactory manner inthe finishing-mold, since the outer surface of the bottom part wouldhave become solid by contact with the rough mold and could not bepressed farther out or expanded, so as to touch the wallsof the finishing-mold and made to acquire the desired diameter.

As the glass cannot adhere to the walls of the finishing-mold when thepartly-formed bottle is introduced into it, as it has acquired thenecessary consistency in the rough mold,

. and as, on the other hand, it would lose a great part of itsbrilliancy if the walls of this second mold were not brought to thedesired temperature, and as bottles which are generally made of glassthat is but slightly malleable would present a hammered appearance, thewalls of the finishing-mold are made of less thickness than those of therough mold. Moreover, in order to make this mold suitably hot and toeasily maintain it at this temperature during the manufacture, the moldis formed with hollow walls, as shown in Fig. 12. In this manner thespace 6, formed by the hollow walls of the mold 6, being filled withclay, plaster, coal, or any other substance which is a bad conductor ofheat, or being closed in an air-tight manner, so as to form anair-chamber, keeps the interior of the finishing-mold at a sufficientlyhigh temperature to avoid formation of irregularities or seams on theoutside of the bottles and increases their strength by maintaining themlonger in a redhot condition.

The finishing-mold 6 is closed at both ends like the rough mold 5 by thebottom 7 and by the collar-mold 26, which fits against the neck of saidmolds.

The rough mold and the finishing-mold are placed on the same level andopposite each other, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 9. These two molds aresecured by arms9and 18, serving as hinges, on the spindles 10, rotatingin bearings 11, secured to their vertical supports. The supports of therough mold being fixed to the bar 3, it is easy to understand that whenthis bar is caused to move by means of the hand-wheel 4 the rough moldis alternately placed neck upward and neck downward, according to thestage of manufacture, as has been explained before. Owing to the simpleway in which these molds are arranged, it is extremely easy to replacethem when another article is to be manufactured and a differentlyshapedmold is required. It is sufiicient for this purpose to unscrew the nutsin order to remove the rod 10, which holds the molds by means of arms 9or 18, according to whether the mold in question is the rough or thefinishing mold,then to put in the required molds, pass the rod 10through the hinge-arms 9 or 18 of these molds and through the brackets11, and to screw on the nuts. The rough mold 5 must be completely open,as shown in Fig. 6, when the rough article being produced is to beplaced in the finishing-mold 6,which is quickly closed again and whichthen occupies exactly the same position as before occupied by the roughmold. The rough mold is made in two longitudinal parts, as shown in Fig.6. These two halves of the mold are brought together or moved apart, soas to close or open the mold, by means of a toothed bevel-wheel 12,secured on the end of the spindle 8, and of pinions 13, secured on thearms 9 of the mold. It is sufficient for this purpose to raise or tolower one end of the lever' 14, (according to the position occupied bythe mold.) This levercan-behest seen in Fig. 2, where itis shown veryclearly and terminates in handles a. The movement of this lever causesthe toothed wheel 12 to rotate the pinions 13. As the pinions aresecured to the arms 9 of the rough mold and turn in opposite directions,(one from left to right and the other from right to the rough mold whenthelever is raised or left,) they thus openor close the two parts of dle15, carrying the toothed wheel 16, which rotates the pinions 17 on thearms 18 of this mold. It is suflicient for this purpose to turn thishand-wheelto the right or to the left, according to whether thefinishing-mold is to be closed or opened. Of course alever similartdthat used for'closing and opening the rough mold may be employed forthe finishing-mold.

7 .is the separate bottom pant.- .used for closing both the rough moldand the finishingmold at their widest parts. This bottom has a conicalpart and is used when it is desired toform bottles or other similararticles having recessed or coned bottoms. According to this arrangementthe glass molds itself on the conical part, and thus reproduces in therough mold under the action of blowing only and without necessitatingany mechanism the exact shape of the bottom of the mold and'of theconical portion upon it. This arrangement also enables the reproductionor formation on the bottom of. the bottle in a very easy and distinctmanner inscriptions, trademarks, names of firms, 0r designs ofany kind.These inscriptions can also be produced in the coned part of thebottles.

The bottom 7 serving to produce the bottom of a bottle, as justexplained, and also serving as a cover for the. rough and for thefinishing molds, must be flatwhen it is desired to produce bottles withflat bottoms. It must be concave for bottles with convex bottomsrsuch,for instance, as soda-water bottlesand it must be convex to enableconcave bottoms to be produced; but whatever be the shape of the bottomused it must have at theouter rim the desired dimensions in order tosuitably close both the rough and the finishing molds, as it is commonto both molds.

, In order to avoid formation of burs or irregularities which would takeplace at theedge at the moment of blowing, mainly in the rough mold, ifthe bottom 7 were not held in place very "securely; the bottom is heldsecurely in place preferably by means of a kind of bayonet-joint (showninlgigs' i and 6) and consisting of two hooks 20, secured at the bottomof the rough mold 5, and a bar 21, mounted ,on the rod of the bottom 7,so as to be capable of turning about said rod as an axis. To operatethis joint, it is sufficient to introduce the bar 21 under. the books20. In this manner the closing is effected in a very secure and reliablemanner, so that the bottom 7 is securely held against the rough mold,

and consequently prevents the glass which is still liquid frompenetrating between the rough mold and'thebottom-7 when it is blown insaid mold. The glass having become sufficiently solidified in the firstmold, so as to prevent any risk of sea-ms being formed at the junctionedges in the'finishing-mold, and, on the other hand, the bayonet systemof v closing used for the rough mold, preventing the bottom 7 from beingcaused to rotate or to reciprocate when turning of the bottle dur ingthe injection of compressed air takes place in the following mold thebottom in the finishing-mold is held in place in the following manner,as shown more particularly in Fig. 7. This closing device consists of ahinged bracket 22 and a plate 23, carrying the handle f, Fig. 1. Thisplate 23, forming a kind of latch, is pushed laterally under the hingedbracket 22 of the bottom in order to keep it firmly applied against thefinishing-mold during the blowing of the bottles, but allowing at thesame time a rotary or reciprocating motion to be communicated to thisbottom by the crank 2i and spindle 25, as will be explained later on.The rough mold having been placed neck downward, as shown in Fig. 7, atthe moment when it is about to be filled with glass necessary for themanufacture of a bottle, is closed at the top of the neck-by the mold26and by the rod 27, placed at the opening of the neck. a

The mold which serves to produce the rim and a part of the neck of thebottle or other article to be manufactured consists of the followingparts: 26 is the part of-the mold in which is formed the top ormouth'ofthe bottie and is alternately placed against the neck of therough and finishing molds. This part 26 of this mold, in which is formedthe rim and the top of the neck of the bottle,.is divided hollow mayalso be filled with clay, plaster,

coke, or any other substance which is abad conductor ofiheat. The'twomeans just indicated enable the mold 26 to be heated to and maintainedat asuitable temperature, even red-hot, and consequently prevent theneck of the bottle from becoming cooled too quickly. represents hingesenabling the sides of the mold to be opened and to be'closed at themomentin which the glass is to be poured into the rough mold 5 and toopen it when it is desired to remove thebottle from the mold. 31 isalever terminating in a handle 1. and the other end in a fork. Thislever rests on the bracket 32. When the handle 71 is depressed, the endof the lever raises the mold 26, so as to enable the bottle to beremoved for the purpose of removing it to the annealing-oven. The forkof the lever 31- may, if desired, be provided with two rollers to enablethe spindle 35, which transmits rotary motion to mold 26, to turn moreeasily. Consequently when the bottles need not be turned in the moldthese rollers become superfluous.

33 is a reservoir into which compressed air enters through the pipe 37.This air passes in the direction indicated by the arrows to the orificeof the mold 26, where it passes round the rod 27 into the glass as soonas it is poured into the rough mold 5 and afterward into the unfinishedbottle, when it has been inclosed in the finishing-mold 6, in order toforce the rough bottle to take the shape of this mold.

34 is a stuffing-box used to prevent the escape of the compressed airintroduced through the pipe 37. 1'

The rod 27, which closes the mold 26, has a suitable diameter to leaveaspace between the rod and the neck of the mold 26 in order to allowcompressed air to pass. The diameter of this rod 27, whether itterminates in a thickened portion or carries at the end a plate againstwhich the glass strikes, must also correspond to the dimensions which itis desired to give to the interior of the neck of the bottle or otherarticle. In order to prevent the glass from solidifying on this red atthe moment when it is poured into the rough mold, it is preferably madeof coke, clay, talc, or any other suitable substance which is a badconductor of heat. In this manner the glass is maintained at therequired degree of plasticity and by simply forcing it by blowing theinterior of the neck can be formed without necessitating the passageof acore to attain this result.

The mold just described is secured to the bar 3 by means of a bracket72. v

35 is a spindle of the mechanism enabling the bottle to be moved duringthe time that it is being blown in the finishing-mold. 36 is atoothedwheel mounted on this spindle 35.

37 is the pipe admitting compressed air from the hollow spindle 8 to thereservoir 33 above the mold 26. y

The crank 24 serves to actuate the mechanism by means of which arotating or reciproeating motion is communicated to the bottle in thefinishing-mold. This mechanism eonsists of the crank 24 on the spindle25, carrying toothed wheels 39 and 40, and of the spindle 35, carryingthe toothed wheel 36 and toothed wheel41, secured on the rod of thebottom of the bottom mold 7. The spindle 25 of the mechanism justdescribed is carried in brackets 72 and 73 on the bar 3. To operate thismechanism, the handle I of the crank 24 is given a reciprocating orrotary motion, which is then transmitted by the wheel 36 to the mold 26and by the wheels 39, 46, and 41 to the bottom 7. As the bottle is heldat its upper part by the mold 26 and at its lower part by the bottom 7it is forced to participate in the movement of these two parts.Nevertheless it is advisable in order to facilitate the movement of thebottle during the time that it receives its shape in the finishing-moldto rub the inner walls of said mold-with some greasy substance whichpossesses the property of leaving a layer of carbon on the metal. Thespindle 8 carries the lever 14, Fig. 2, and its toothed wheel- 12 thebar 3 and the handwheel 4. This spindle is made hollow, so as to servefor conducting compressed air to the molds. Air enters at m and passesout at n,

--Fig. 2, and is led through the tube 37 to the reservoir of the mold26.

- 44 is a bracket on which is mounted the finishing-mold 6 by means ofarms 18. This bracket also carries a spindle 15, at the end of which issecured the toothed wheel '16, which being actuated by the hand-wheel 19causes the pinions 17 to move, closing or opening said mold exactly ashas been described for the rough mold 5.

45 represents studs engaging with openings 1 46 in order to constitute aclosing device for the rough mold 5 and for the finishing-mold 6 in thefollowing manner: When the two parts composing each of these molds havebeen brought near together by means of the lovers and toothed wheels alread y deseribed,the studs or projections 45 are caused to engage withthe openings 46. By these means the walls of these molds are held firmlytogether, so that longitudinal seams which would be produced on thebottles, if the molds were not perfectly closed,are avoided. If themolds are of a considerable lengtluthis closing device maybe duplicated.In this case one of them is placed near the shoulder and another nearthe base, so that the molds eannot'open at either end. The bottom 7,which serves for giving the desired shape to the bottom of the bottleand besides for closing at the bottom the rough mold 5 and thefinishing-mold 6, is secured to the rod 0*, terminating in a handle 8,Figs. 1 and 6. This rod is held by the hinged bracket 22, consisting oftwo parts 25 and t, connected by a pin a, so that the bottom can beraised and folded back, as shown in Fig. 7, when it is desired to pourglass into the rough mold 5 or lowered to close said mold aftersufiicient quantity of glass has been introduced into it. The two partsof the rough mold 5 having been brought together by the "mechanismdescribed, they are firmly secured togetherby causing the projections 45to en-- done and after the pipe 37 through which compressed air isadmitted has been closed in;

an air-tight manner by means of a cook or valve, the attendantintroduces into this mold, by means of an iron rod or ladle, glass at asuitable temperature, consequently more or less liquid, according to itscomposition and to the weight, shape, and diameter of the neck of theobject to be manufactured. In all these cases the glass must be fluidenough to easily flow into the neck of the mold and into the mold 26,placed underneath in order to enable the rim or any other relief part orrecess serving for any mechanical stoppering device to be easily formed.As soon as the workman sees that a suflicient quantity of glass has beenpoured out into the-rough mold he closes the mold by lowering the bottom7 (see Fig. 7) by means of the handle 5,-

as already described. Then to keep this bottom 7 firmly pressed againstthe rough mold 5 in order to avoid the formation of burs or seams thebar 21 is introduced under the.

books 20. After this theinlet-valve is opened to admit compressed air,and during the time that the air arriving round the rod 27penetratesinto the interior of the neck and forces the glass up against the bottomof the rough mold the workman passes the plate 23 under the hingedbracket 22. Then by turning the hand-wheel 4 he reverses the rough mold5 bottom downward, as shown in Fig. 1, to enable the glass to becomedisengaged from the neck and from the lump. As soon as the'glass hasbeen forced by blowing against thewalls of the rough mold and the bottomhas received its shape the workman releases the bar 21 from the hooks 20in order to enable the rough mold to be opened and, further, to enablethe bottom 7 to receive the reciprocating or rotarymotion whichis'communicated to it by the described mechanism; This bottom 7 remainsmaintained in place' by the closing device constitn ted by the hingedbracket 22 and the plate 23. Assoon, therefore, as the bar 21 has beendisengaged from the hooks 20 the attendant ".quickly moves the twosections of the rdugh mold apart by raising the lever actuating thetoothed Wheel 12 and pinions13. The finishing-mold is then closed roundthe partlyformcd bottle by turning the hand-wheel 19, which by causingthe spindle 15, carrying the toothed wheel 16, -to rotate causes, bymeans of the pinions l7, securedon the arms 18, the

two sections of this mold to come together.

It must be noted that during the time that the finishing-mold is beingsubstituted for the rough mold the rough bottle is maintained in placeby the rim in the mouth-mold 26 and is supported at the bottom by thebottom cover 7 on which it rests. As soon as the finishing-mold has beenclosed the attendant again opens the corhpressed-air-admission valve,(which had been closed during the interchange of molds.) Then byoperating the handle Z of the crank he communicates a reciprocating orrotary motion to the bottle 7 pensed with. In this case compressed airis introduced into the bottle as soon as it has been'place'd in thefinishing-mold.

The rim or other forms which are produced on the neck 'of the bottleeither-in intaglio or relief, in order to ornament the bottle or forstoppering or the like purposes, are formed in the mold 26, which isadjusted at the bot tom of the neck of the rough mold by simple moldingat the moment in which glass is poured into this mold.

As soon as the rough bottle has been pressed by the compressed airagainst the'walls of the finishing-mold the bottle is completelyfinished. It therefore remains only to open the finishing-mold and theneck-mold in order to remove the bottle resting on the bottom 7 and tocarry it to, the annealing-oven when it has solidified sufficientlynot'to become deformed. In addition to the formation of inscriptions,trade-marks, designs, &c., on the bottom of ITO bottles when in therough mold when the glass a is very plastic inscriptions canbe formed onthe neck ore'ven on the rim of the bottle, as the arrangement, of thisapparatus enables different characters to be very easily molded, saidcharacters being formed in a very clear manner when the glass for themanufacture of the bottle is poured into'the mouth-mold 26, this glassbeing nearly fluid when poured into the mouth-mold. I

The described process is employed when it 1 is desired to manufacturebottles or other articlesof common quality for which a perfectbrilliancy of glass is not required. In this case, as the mass of glasshas in the first mold a length equal to that of the finishing-mold .intowhich it is immediately introduced without having to wait till this massis 'sufliciently elongated or increased in length," the rate ofproduction is considerable, owing to the simplicity of the means used;but when it is desired to obtain more perfect products having a smootherand brilliant appearance the mechanism and means of manufacture issomewhat modified. As regards the mechanism, the modifications areillustrated in Fig. 9.

With the apparatus shown in Fig. 9 and following figures the manufactureof bottles, flasks, or other similar articles takes place, as follows:As soon as glass has been introduced into the rough mold 50 the workmanapplies the bottom cover 51 onto this mold and secures it by introducingthe bar 52 into the book 53. Then in order to perforate the interior ofthe neck of the bottle during the time that the glass is still plastiche opens the cook or valve, as explained before, in order to admitcompressed air, which forces out this glass, and having perforated theinterior of the neck to form a hole of a desired diameter, penetratesinto the mass, which it presses against the walls and bottom of thisfirst mold.

; Then this mold is opened by disengaging the bar 52 and by withdrawingthe projection 45 from the opening 46, as before described. At

' this moment the mass of glass, which is considerably shorter than thefinishing-mold, is

suspended by the mouth-mold 26. Further, by pressing on the lever 54 thebottom cover 55 is raised till it touches the bottom of the mass 56,which is thus supported during the time that it elongates till thebottom cover 55 reaches the level of the bottom of the finishing-mold57. The sections of this finishingmold are then immediately broughttogether by rotating the hand-wheel 19, as already described, and thebottom 55 is fixed under this mold by causing the bar 58 to engage withthe hooks 59-. ,Then compressed air is admitted by opening the valve(which was closed during the lengthening of the glass masslin .order toenlarge said mass and to cause it to assume the shape of thefinishing-mold, which has been securely closed by means of projectionswhich we're caused to engage with the openings, as before described. Asit sometimes happens that during the expansion of the rough bottle ormass the neck becomes long and-too thin either because the rough moldhas been opened too soon, so that the glass had not had time to'acquirethe necessary consistency, or because the neck is not strong enough tosupport the too great weight of the rough article when articles of greatsize are manufactured and the neck becomes too thin for one or other .ofthesereasons, this inconvenience is avoided by directing a jet ofcompressed air onto the part which has the tendency to become too thin.For this purpose I employ a pipe which admits air from the blower andclosed by a cook or valve and terminating, for instance, in a crescentor semicircle. This end part of the pipe, provided with a number ofsmall perforations, is directed against the portion of the neck or evenany other part of the mass which shows a tendency to become inordinatelythin in order that the compressed air striking against the glass at thedesired spot will cause it to solidify and prevent it from becoming toolong, which would otherwise take place. When the bottle has a fiat,concave, or convex bottom, it is formed in the rough mold, the bottom ofwhich is identical with that ofthe finishing-mold as far as regards theshape; but it is of smaller diameter to enable the glass to expand onthe bottom of the finishing-mold. Finally, when it is desired to makethe recess in the bottom of a bottle of'considerable depth the cone 60is raised at the last moment when the blowing is finished. For thispurpose the cone 60, which surmounts the bottom cover 55 of thefinishing-mold,- to which it is attached by the spring 61, risesautomatically when the lever 54 is depressed to raise the rod 62, towhich the cone 60 is secured. It is easy to understand that as accordingto this arrangement the bottom cover 55, which engages with the bottomof the finishing-mold which it closes, cannot be raised by the action ofthe lever 54 only the valve 60 rises and presses the glass upward. Assoon as the lever 5 1 is released the spring 67 returns the cone 60 backto its rest upon the bottom cover 55.

Common glass generally used for bottles and usually containing as basesa large proportion of lime, alumina, magnesia, and a little soda orpotash possesses, owing to this composition, the property of losing itsplasticity so quickly that very often the bottom of the bottle,especially when it is thin, becomes set and breaks when it is desired topress in the glass in order to form the coned recess. To avoid thisdrawback, it is necessary to maintain the glass at the necessarytemperature and plasticity. I arrive at this result by using bottoms ofmolds made of substances which are bad conductors of heat, such asordinary clay, kaolin, or other varieties of silicates of alumina,silicates of magnesia, especially talc, serpentine, or carbon indifferent forms. I also use the substances just mentioned for making therod 27, which serves to close the entrance to the mold 26 when thenecessary glass for the manufacture of a bottle is poured into the roughmold and into the mold 26. By this means the glass which falls on therod 27 retains sufiicient heat and plasticity to enable it to be forcedout only by the action of compressed air introduced round the end of therod 27 in a circular manner somewhat like the flame of an oil-lamp.

and the neck of the rough mold has solidified enough to form the neck ofthe bottle, while the central part has retained sufiicient plasticityeven at the bottom, which is in contact with the rod 27, the result ofthis combination is that air or any other suitable fluid is sufficientto perforate the interior of the neck and to form the neck of thebottle, flask, or

other similar articlewithout necessitating the introduction of a mandrelto perforate theinterior of the neck of these articles. The rod 27,screwed into the pipe through which the compressed air arrives,terminates in an enlarged portion equal to the diameter, which it isdesired to give to the neck of the bottle. Such rod is shown in Fig. ,8,or it may be provided with a thicker cylinder end, Fig. 14;

In Fig. 14 11 show the mold50 surmounted by the tube 82, which serves toconduct .the

--made of clay, talc, or any other substance which is a bad conductor ofheat, is hollow, so as to afford a passage for compressed air, which,raising thevalve 77, penetrates'into the glass at the center during thetime that the greater part of the compressed air arrives round the topof the rod, as I have explained I before.

i This combinationofparts causing air to penetrate through the centerand round the rod 27 enables the glass to be better forced out and theperforation of the neck of the articles with large necks to be easilyeffected.

When it is desired to manufacture articles with large holes or necks, asthe water-bottles or carafes or wine glasses, the rod is surmounted by aplate of the shape and diameter corresponding to the opening of thearticle to be manufactured. This plate, on which the glass falls when itis introduced into the hollow of the rough mold, must be made of asubstance which is a bad conductor of heat, as before explained.

When the glass, owing to its constitution or temperature at which it wastapped, becomes too quickly of paste-like consistency, where by it isnot sufficiently fluid to formthe rim properly or to acquire thehomogeneity required, atmospheric pressure is used for com- 7 pressingit, which is obtained by producinga vacuum in the neck of the mold andin the pipe 37 leading to the mold. For this purpose a branch pipe 37 isarranged on the pipe 37, and by'means of a pump or any other suitableapparatus the air contained inthe mold and in this pipe is pumped out atthe moment when theglass is introduced into the rough mold. A bettereffect can be obtained by introducing compressed air at the other endthat is to say, into the portion of the rough mold comprised betweenthebottom of the mold and the glass which is introduced into it.

Finally, for the manufacture of certain kinds of. bottles and of otherarticles steam is sometimes used to compress. the glass after it. has

been introduced into the rough mold in order to. give the homogeneityrequired in order to make the walls of the article to be manufactured ofuniform thickness and to enable the rings and other ornamentations onbottles, as

Well as handles on vases, &c., to be suitably molded.

The means which may be used to introduce steam to the glass in order tocompress it are numerous and vary, as well as the pressure of steam,which must depend on the nature of glass, shape, and volume of thearticles to be manufactured; but generally steam is used only of fromfive-hundred-grams (one pound) .pressure to one-kilogram pressure persquarecentimeter, as this pressure is ample. Finally,

to introduce steam to the glass, on which its,

action resembles a sudden shock, a .pipe is used surrounded by a flange,which is fitted to the bottom of the rough mold and completely coversthe opening made in the bottom of said mold for introducing glass. Assoon, therefore, as the necessary quantity of glass has been introducedinto the rough mold 50, Fig. 148, the attendant lowers the pipe 82 ontothe bottom of this mold and opens the cook or valve arranged on the pipein order to admit steam, which exerts pressure on the glass and causesit to adapt itself to the shape of the lower part of the rough mold,which at the moment of introduction of steam is in the reversepositio'nc'. a, neck downwardas shown in Fig. 14. As bottle-glassquickly loses its plasticity, the Workman closes the valve admittingsteam and raises the pipe as soon as the necessary compression has beenobtained. Then he closes the bottom of the rough mold and immediatelyopens the valve of the-pipe admitting compressed air in order to act onthe mass in this first mold, as hereinbefore explained.

In Figs. 12- and 14 9 represents the stems stem or arm for the mold seenin that figure. The junction of the parts or sections of the or arms forthe mold, and in Fig. 4 r is the IIO mold is never suflici'ently perfectwhatever he the closing device used to prevent formation of scams orjoints, into which glass penetrates all themore easily under the actionof the compressed air, as the glass is generally introduced in a nearlyliquid state.

In order to avoid or atleast considerably reduce the seams formed whenglass th us pene-' trates into the joints of the rough mold and when thebottle does not receive a rotary motion or a reciprocating movement, ithas been found advantageous to produce around this mold a pressurenearly equal to. that in the interior when compressed air has beenintro- .duced into it to act on the mass. For this purpose the mold issurrounded by a shell 63,

Fig. 11, in order to. obtain a hollow forming an air-chamberfii,surrounding the rough mold over the Whole of its surface. It issufficient, therefore, to introduce compressed air into this air-chamber64, whereby this external pressure, acting on the joints of thoroughmold, will prevent glass from penetrating into them, and in order toprevent compressed air 5 from escaping outside a groove is made in theedge of one part of this shell or casing 63, with which engages a rib onthe opposite side.

In order to obtain a more perfect air-tight closing, the groove may bepacked with asbestos or any other suitable substance.

Fig. 12 shows a mold with a double casing 75, and the space existingbetween the two walls .may be filled with insulating material, so as toprevent the mold from attaining too high a temperature.

Finally the air which is caused to circulate round the rough mold in themanner just explained prevents the mold from becoming too hot and bythus cooling the glass contained in the mold insures a quicker and moreregular manufacture.

The compressed air for the air-chamber 64 is introduced through a pipeprovided with a valve on the shell 63, and when the rough bottle orarticle is blown out said air is discharged by opening a valve arrangedin another part of the shell.

Compressed air can even be caused to circulate round the bottom cover 51by surmounting it with a double cover and by placing the hollow spacethus formed in communication with the air-chamber 64.

r is the stem for the mold seen in Fig. 11.

The closing device of the mold in which the rim 26 is molded consists ofa plate forming a hollow surrounding this rim-mold 26. Two camgrooves 72are made in this plate 78, which terminates in a handle 70. On the otherhand, two pins'71 are placed in the hinges 30 of the mold 26. It will benow easy to understand that when the plate 7 8 is caused to turn bymeans of the handle 7 0say from right to left-the grooves 72, whichdecrease in width and have eccentric shape, bring the two sections ofthe mold 26 nearer together and maintain them in place by pressureexercised by the plate 78 against the pins 71. When it is desired toopen the mold in order to remove the bottle and to take it to theannealingoven, the plate 78 is turned in the opposite direction by meansof the handle 70, It is also necessary to lower the bottom 55 of thefinishing-mold by bringing back the handle 65 of the pipe 66, in whichis inclosed the spring 67 In this way the stop 60, which is engaged andheld by the spring 67 in a groove made in the rod 62, becomes disengagedfrom' this opening, and the rod 62 descends and lowers the bottom cover55 into the position indicated in Fig. 9. The tube 82, (seen in Fig.let",) which is'used for the introduction of steam above the glass, issimply fixed to a flange on the bottom of the mold, which it closes. Thetube leads from any source of steam-supply and during the operationtakes the place of collar 85, (seen in Fig. 1,) which serves for theintroduction of the compressed air.

The machine shown in the various figures of the accompanying drawingsrequires the attendance of only two workmen, (one at the mold and onefor bringing the-liquid glass to the mold,)and it may be used in themanufacture of bottles of all kinds with flat or recessed bottoms,flasks, vases, (with or without handles,) water-bottles, and othersimilar articles. It is not necessary for these workmen to possessspecial knowledge, and the work of the man at the mold is not difficultconsidering that he may remain seated during the greater part of thetime necessary for the 'lnamrlacture of each article. ,When the glasscontains enough alkali to enable several successive charges of glass tobe taken from the same vessel, one workman can attend to severalmachines.

When bottles or other articles manufactured by the process hereindescribed are to have thick walls or when the glass used con tains alarge proportion of alkali, (which enables it to preserve the plasticityfor a long time,) it becomes necessary to wait for a certain time beforetaking out the bottle, so as to avoid the risk of its becoming deformedin handling; but this waste of time can be avoided, and consequently therate of production increased, by arranging frames sufliciently large tosupport several molds, or it is possible to use two simple machines foreach stand. In this way the rate of production for each working place isconsiderably increased.

The blowing of bottles by the means de scribed is effected by compressedair or by any other suitable fluid used at the temperature of the roomor at a higher temperature. The pressure must be determined according tothe weight and volume of the objects to be manufactured and alsoaccording to the composition of the glass,"on which depends itsplasticity, consequently its moreor less rapid so- 5 lidification. Theair compressed by a pump, blower, or any other suitable device issupplied to the machines by pipes provided with cocks or valves, whichthe workmen operate by hand, or the valves may close automatically bymeans of springs which enable the workman to open them with his foot,having thus the, hands free for other manipulations. The valves may alsobe arranged to be closed and opened by the parts effecting the closingand opening of the molds 5 and 6.

I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a machine for themanufacture of bottles and other hollow articles of blown glass, thecombination with the frame, a rotatable bar, the sectional rough andfinishing molds arranged in the same plane, a bottom cover for closingthe bottom of both molds, mechanism for opening and closing the moldsand tially as described.

3. In a machine for the manufacture of hottles and other hollowarticlesofblown glass, the combination with the frame, mold-supporting bar,rough and finished molds arranged face to face and in the same plane,mechanism for opening and closing them, a bottom for said molds, abayonet closing device for holding the bottom and a closing device forholding the sections of the roughand tially as described.

finishing mold pressed tightly together, the said rough mold beingshaped to form the bot tom of bottles, flasksand the like,substan- 4:.In ,a machine for the manufacture of hottles and other hollow articlesof blown glass, the combination with the frame, mold-supporting bar, asectional rough mold to form" the bottoms of bottles and thelike,a'sectional finishing-mold arranged'face to face with the rough mold andin .the same plane, mechanism for opening and closing the sections ofthe molds, a bottom common to both molds, means; for securingthe bottomin position, means for holding the sections'of the two molds pressedtightly together, the collar-mold constructed to form a hollow to enablethe rim and the end of the-neck to be maintained at a sufliciently hightemperature, thus preventing the mouth of'the'bottle from cracking orbreaking owing to too sudden cooling, substantially as described.

5. In a machine for the manufacture of bot- 4 tles and other hollowarticles of blown glass,

the combination with the frame, mold-supporting bar, a rough moldto formthe bottoms of the bottles, flasks and the like, a finishingmoldarranged face to faceand in the same plane with the rough mold,mechanism for opening and closing sections of the mold, a bottom commonto bothmolds, a closing device for securing the bottom, closing devicefor holding'the'sections of the two molds pressed tightly together, thecollar for permitting the rim and the end of the neck to be maintainedat a sufliciently high temperature, and the rod 27 of non-conductingmaterial which forms abottom for the neck-mold, all

arranged and adapted for operation as and for the purpose specified. 1

6. In a machine forthe'manufacture of hottles and other hollow articlesof blown glass,

- the combination of the frame, mold-supportingbar, a rough moldenabling the bottomof articles to be produced, a finishing-mold arrangedface to face and in the same plane as the rough mold, mechanism foropening and closing the molds, a closing device for holding the bottom,a closing device for holding the sections of the twomolds pressedtightly together, the collar-mold for maintaining the rim and the end ofthe neck; at' a sufliciently ing material which forms a bottom forvtheneck-mold and mechanism for communicating a rotary motion to thebottle-blank during blowing, substantially as-described.

7 In a machine for the manufacture of bottles and other hollow articlesof blown glass, the combination of the frame, mold-supporting bar 3, arough mold for forming the bottom of bottles, carafes and the like, afinishingmo'ld arranged face to face and in the same plane as the roughmold, mechanism for open: ing and closing the molds, a bottom for themolds, a bayonet closing device for securing the bottom in place, aclosing device for holding the sections of the two molds pressed ing thering and the end of the neck at a sufficientlyhightemperature, the rod27of nonconducting material which forms a bottom for the neck-mold,mechanism for communieating a rotary or reciprocating motion to thetightly together, a collar-mold for maintainbottle-blank during theblowing, an outer casrough-mold and in the collar-mold at the momentwhen the glass is being introduced into the rough mold, substantially as-and for the purposes described.

8. In a machine for the manufacture ofbottles and other hollow articlesof blown glass, the'co'mbination of a frame, mold-supporting bar, arough mold for forming the bottom of bottles, means whereby a vacuum ismade in ing for forming a vacuum in the neck of the the necks of themold at the moment when the glass is poured in, a finishing-moldarranged face to face and inthe same plane with the rough. mold,mechanism fonclosing and opening the molds, a bottom for the molds, thebayonet closing device for securing the bottom in place, closing devicefor-holding the sections of the two molds pressed tightly together, acollar-mold, means whereby a-vacuum is produced in the neck of thecollar-mold at the moment when the glass is poured in and saidcollar-mold maintaining the collar and the end of the neck at asufliciently high temperature, a rod'zof non-conducting material whichforms a bottom for the neck-mold, and mechanism for communicating arotary motion to'the bottle-blank during the blowing operation,substantially asand for the purpose described. 9. In a machine for themanufacture of bottles and other hollow articlesof blown glass,

the combination-of a frame, a mold-supporthigh temperature, the rodv27of non-conducting andlclosing the molds, a bottom for the 'molds bayonetclosing device forholding the bottom made of non -conducting material, a

closing device for holding the sections of the two molds tightlytogether, a collar-mold, a

rod of non-conducting material which forms a bottom for the neck-moldandmechanism for communicating a rotary motion to the bottle-blankduring the blowing, substantially as set forth. a

10. In a machine for the manufacture of bottles and other hollowarticles of blown glass, the combination of a frame, mold-supportingbar, a rough'mold having double walls and permitting the bottom of abottle to be formed, finishing-molds arranged face to face and in thesame plane -with the rough mold, said molds having double walls forminga hollow space between them, mechanism for opening and closing themolds, a bottom for the molds, a bayonet closing device for securing thebottom made of material which is a bad conductor of heat, a closingdevice for holding the sections of the two molds tightly pressedtogether, a collar-mold adapted for maintaining the rim and the endofthe neck ata sufliciently high temperature, a rod of non-conductingmaterial which forms the bottom of the neckmold, and mechanism forcommunicating a rotary motion tothe bottle-blank during the blowing,substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. In a machine for the manufacture of hottles and other hollowarticles of blown glass, the combination of the frame, mold-supportingbar, a rough mold having double walls enabling the bottom of a bottle tobe formed, a finishing-mold having double walls and arranged face toface and in the same plane with the rough mold, mechanism for openingand closing the molds, a bottom for the molds, a bayonet closing devicefor securing the bottom, a closing device for holding the sections ofthe two molds tightly pressed together, a collar-mold for maintainingthe rim and the end of the collar at a sufiiciently high temperature, arod of non-conducting material which forms the bottom of the neck-moldand mechanism to communicate a rotary motion to the bottle-blank duringthe blowing, the rough mold being so formed at its base as to produce auniform distribution of glass in the walls and in the bottom of thebottle, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In witness whereof I hereby set my hand in the presence of twosubscribingwitnesses.

; CLAUDE BOUCHER.

